Raws li cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv hydraulic thiab pneumatic systems, kev xaiv cov khoom siv rau piston pas nrig thiab lub tog raj kheej cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov cuab yeej siv tau ntev, kev ntseeg tau, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Raws li qhov xav tau ntawm kev ua haujlwm ntawm siab - siab, siab - zaus reciprocating suab, cov khoom siv lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum muaj cov khoom siv zoo heev, hnav tsis kam, corrosion kuj, thiab kev ua haujlwm zoo. Tam sim no, cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb siv rau piston pas nrig thiab lub tog raj kheej hauv kev lag luam muaj xws li siab - zoo carbon structural steel, alloy structural steel, stainless hlau, thiab tshwj xeeb nto- kho cov ntaub ntawv, txhua qhov muab qhov zoo nyob ntawm daim ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
1. High-Cov Khoom Siv Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hlau: Ntsuas Kev Lag Luam thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
High - zoo carbon structural steel (xws li 20 steel thiab 35 steel) yog cov khoom siv hauv paus rau piston pas nrig thiab lub tog raj kheej. Vim nws cov nqi qis thiab kev ua haujlwm yooj yim, nws tau dav siv hauv nruab nrab thiab qis - cov ntawv thov siab uas yuav tsum muaj lub zog tsis siab. Normalizing lossis tempering kev kho cua sov tuaj yeem txhim kho tag nrho cov khoom siv ntawm cov hlau no, thaum chrome plating zoo txhim kho nws cov hnav thiab corrosion kuj. Txawm li cas los xij, qhov kev txwv ntawm cov pa roj carbon steel nyob hauv nws qhov tsis tshua muaj zog tensile thiab qaug zog tsis kam. Nws yog feem ntau deformation los yog corrosion nyob rau hauv siab - siab los yog corrosive ib puag ncig, thiab yog li ntawd feem ntau yuav tsum tau tom ntej nto hardening txheej txheem los daws cov shortcomings.
II. Alloy Structural Steel: Qhov Kev Xaiv Zoo Tshaj Plaws rau Kev Ua Haujlwm Siab thiab Kev Ua Haujlwm Zoo
Rau nruab nrab - mus rau - siab - siab thiab siab - load tej yam kev mob, alloy structural steels (xws li 45 steel, 27SiMn, thiab 40Cr) yog ib qho kev xaiv vim lawv suav nrog alloying ntsiab xws li chromium, manganese, thiab silicon. Piv txwv li, 40Cr, tom qab quenching thiab tempering tshav kub kev kho mob, muaj peev xwm ua tau siab tensile zog (Ntau tshaj los yog sib npaug zos rau 800 MPa) thiab yield zog, thaum tseem muaj kev cuam tshuam zoo toughness thiab seem stability. Lub tog raj kheej blocks ua los ntawm cov khoom siv no ua tau zoo tshwj xeeb hauv cov khoom hnyav-load daim ntaub ntawv xws li kev tsim kho tshuab thiab cov khoom siv hlau. Txawm li cas los xij, kev ua kom zoo thiab cov txheej txheem ua kom tawv nqaij tawv (xws li nitriding thiab carburizing) yuav tsum tau ntxiv dag zog rau saum npoo thiab hnav tsis kam los txo qhov hnav los ntawm kev sib txhuam ntau zaus.
III. Stainless Hlau: Kev daws rau corrosion kuj thiab siab -Kev huv huv ib puag ncig
Nyob rau hauv ib puag ncig corrosive heev los yog siab - kev huv huv, xws li kev ua tshuaj lom neeg, kev ua zaub mov, thiab kev lag luam hauv hiav txwv, stainless hlau (xws li 304 thiab 316L) yog cov khoom siv lub tog raj kheej nyiam. Austenitic stainless hlau tsis tsuas yog muaj kev tiv thaiv zoo rau cov kua qaub, alkali, thiab ntsev tsuag corrosion, tab sis nws tsis yog - cov khoom sib nqus kuj ua rau nws haum rau cov cuab yeej precision. Qhov sib ntxiv ntawm molybdenum rau 316L stainless hlau ntxiv txhim kho nws cov kev tiv thaiv rau pitting thiab crevice corrosion. Txawm li cas los xij, nws cov khoom siv siab thiab cov thermal conductivity tsawg yuav tsum muaj kev lag luam tawm - tawm ntawm lub zog thiab corrosion kuj nyob rau hauv siab - kub thiab siab - ib puag ncig siab. Tsis tas li ntawd, stainless hlau cylinders feem ntau yog iav- polished lossis electrolytically polished kom tau raws li kev huv lossis kho qhov muag - qib kev thov.
IV. Kev Kho Hniav Technology: Kev Txhim Kho Kev Txhim Kho ntawm Cov Khoom Siv Hauv Zej Zog
Ntxiv nrog rau cov khoom siv hauv paus, qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm lub piston pas nrig thiab lub tog raj kheej lub cev yog nyob ntawm cov txheej txheem engineering. Cov kev kho mob uas muaj xws li:
• Hard chromium plating: Electroplating tsim ib txheej tuab chromium (feem ntau yog 30-50 μm), txhim kho qhov tawv tawv (HV 800-1200) thiab hnav tsis kam, tab sis qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm hydrogen embrittlement yuav tsum raug txiav txim siab.
•Nitriding: Nitrogen atoms tau nkag mus rau hauv cov hlau nto ntawm kwv yees li 500 degree, ua rau siab -hardness nitride txheej (txog HV 900-1100), uas muaj kev hnav tsis kam, tiv thaiv qaug dab peg, thiab qaug zog.
• Txau cov ceramic los yog tungsten carbide: Thermal spraying tsim ib qho ultra- tawv txheej haum rau kev hnav hnyav lossis siab - qhov kub thiab txias, tab sis tswj cov txheej adhesion thiab uniformity yuav nyuaj.
Xaus
Kev xaiv cov piston pas nrig thiab cov khoom siv lub tog raj kheej yuav tsum xav txog ntau yam, suav nrog kev ua haujlwm siab, dej ib puag ncig, nqi peev nyiaj, thiab kev tu lub voj voog. Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej, nrog rau kev nce qib hauv cov ntaub ntawv kev tshawb fawb, kev siv cov siab - lub zog, lub teeb yuag alloys (xws li titanium alloy composites), nano- txheej txheem thev naus laus zis, thiab cov txheej txheem tsim khoom ntxiv yuav ntxiv dag zog rau lub tog raj kheej kev ua tau zoo, muab cov kev daws teeb meem txhim khu kev qha rau siab -kawg khoom tsim kev lag luam.
